佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：11.6 x 10.7 cm
年代：11世纪
质地：细密画 纸本墨色描金
风格：西藏西部 托林寺
来源：克利夫兰艺术博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
这个祭拜用的小型佛像来自西藏托林寺，从中可以看出公元11世纪到13世纪间早期西藏绘画的精致构图。在此阶段早期，西藏佛教在经历了一个压制期后又得到了复兴，其结果是产生了大量的佛教艺术作品。西藏西部从喀什米尔地区（译者注：Kashmir，是位于南亚最北端的一个地区。19世纪中期之前仅指喜马拉雅山脉和比尔本贾尔岭之间的河谷地，1千纪上半叶，克什米尔地区为柬埔家的重要据点，后发展为佛教中心。9世纪克什米尔湿婆教由此兴起）获得了宗教和艺术灵感，因为喀什米尔是印度本土最后一个佛教繁荣中心。

在精致的画框中心，是释迦牟尼佛在做转法轮（Dharmachakra mudra）的手势。下方有一对奇异的狮子，中部有两只带螺旋尾翼的神鸟陪伴在两侧。两旁立柱顶部各有一个圣物盒，而佛陀的顶部生长出一颗绽放鲜花的大树，上面古怪地栖息着一对色彩斑斓的天堂鸟。

本作品色彩饱满耀眼，艺术家绘制小型画的技法精湛，非常符合早期西藏西部绘画的特点。此风格的另一特点是释迦牟尼佛的小椭圆脸上的各种特征分布稀疏，眼睛细长，黑少白多，令人惊悚，是个很有特点的细节。袈裟披戴在佛的右肩上并夹于右腋下，身体赤裸的部分光影表现流畅，从这些特点中，我们可以看出早期西藏西部绘画中固有的那种动感和形体的优雅感。

Preaching Sakyamuni
1000s
Western Tibet, Toling Monastery, 11th century

Description
Buddhism was introduced to Tibet in the 7th century, but the persecution that followed in the 9th and 10th centuries destroyed all artifacts of the period. Consequently the earliest existing Buddhist art from Tibet dates to the 11th and 12th centuries, the so-called period of the Second Diffusion of Buddhism, yet few 11th- or 12th-century paintings survive. This miniature painting is one of these rare paintings. Not a manuscript illustration, it was conceived as a separate votive painting, a so-called tsa-kali. It was recovered from the Tholing Monastery, which was founded by Rinchensangpo (958-1055), the famous translator of Buddhist scriptures, who acted on the order of Yesheö, the king of Guge. Yesheö was also the father of “Lhatsun Nagaraja” (active 998-1026) whose name is inscribed on the museum's early Himalayan bronze statue of a Standing Buddha (1966.30)—one of the most important and beautiful Himalayan bronzes to survive. The museum's collection includes another important sculpture from the western Himalayas: the colorful wooden sculpture of a Seated Buddha (1986.6). The two sculptures date from the 11th century and provide a meaningful comparison with this painting, which replicates their style.

Citations
Cleveland Museum of Art, “Recent Acquisitions Press Release,” October 6, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives. Mentioned: p. 2-3 archive.org

Exhibition history
Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art; April 24-June 24, 2001. “Object in Focus: Toward a Definition of an 'Early Western' Tibetan Style.”
MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): “The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art”, no. 15, p. 116, color repr. p. 30.
Object in Focus: Toward a Definition of an Early “Western Tibetan” Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 24-June 24, 2001).
The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).