佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：H. 26.7 cm x W. 19.7 cm x D. 17.8 cm
年代：近代 1900-1949
质地：青绿玉雕
风格：中原
来源：旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
此像是20世纪中国玉雕佛像珍品；此像表现的是释迦牟尼佛未成佛前在雪山六年苦行的形貌；悉达多太子右腿横盘，左腿向前支起，赤裸双足，两手相叠置于左膝。头饰螺发，宽额凸起，大耳垂肩，满脸虬须。头略垂俯，长目微合，双唇紧闭，似在沉思冥想。身着坦右臂衲衣，衣纹简洁，显得较为厚重。在袒露的身体右侧可看到嶙嶙可数的肋骨，特别是从身后可以看到完全暴露在外面节节可数的脊椎骨和肋骨，这已不是用骨瘦如柴所能表达。此像生动地刻画出了经文中“脊骨连露如筇竹节”的六年雪山苦行形貌。

此像在完美表达了苦行形象的同时，又很好的体现了佛陀的庄严法相。虽然是在苦修中，但佛陀没有愁眉苦脸，而是略带微笑。虽然双颊下陷，但五官清秀，神态慈悲安详，造型写实传神，极富艺术感染力。由于释迦佛本名乔答摩·悉达多，故称此像为《悉达多太子苦行像》。

佛经上说，悉达多太子出家后，在卑钵罗树下苦行六年，日食一麻一麦，骨瘦如柴。释迦牟尼佛苦行的情景在《方广大庄严经》中描述的十分详细∶ “比丘当知，我昔唯食一麦之时，身体羸瘦如阿斯树，肉尽肋现如坏屋椽，脊骨连露如筇竹节，眼目(目咸)陷如井底星，头顶销枯如暴干瓠。所坐之地如马蹄迹，皮肤皱如割朐形，举手拂尘身毛燋落，以手摩腹乃触脊梁。又食一米乃至一麻，身体羸过前十倍；色如聚墨又若死灰。四方聚落人来见者咸叹恨言，释种太子宁自苦，端正美色今何所在，佛告诸比丘，菩萨六年苦行之时于四威仪曾不失坏。盛夏暑热不就清凉，隆冬严寒不求厚暖，蚊虫唼体亦不拂除。结跏趺坐身心不动，亦不频申亦不涕唾。放牧童竖常来睹见，戏以草莛而刺我鼻，或刺我口或刺我耳。我于尔时身心不动，常为天龙鬼神之所供养，能令十二洛叉天人住三乘路。”

Label:

In his search for the truth, Shakyamuni, the historic Buddha, tried various methods of meditation before he finally achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree. This piece depicts him during the time when he practiced austerities and starved himself until he was skeletal in appearance. Shakyamuni wears the simple garment of a monk, and his exposed chest reveals his ribs. His eyes are half closed and his face bears a serene expression. Because Shakyamuni is Indian, the Chinese craftworker shows him with a mustache and a ringed beard. The fasting Buddha sits in meditation with one leg bent and one leg raised, resting his chin on his hands above a raised knee.

Shakyamuni's pose and his facial features were already well established as a standard iconographical feature as early as the Yuan dynasty (1272–1368). Yet large figures such as this example were not made until the Qing dynasty, when the supply of jade became more plentiful.