佛像网

尺寸：H. 6 5/8 in. (16.8 cm); W. 4 1/2 in. (11.4 cm); D. 4 in. (10.2 cm)
年代：1-2世纪
质地：青铜(Bronze with traces of gold leaf)
风格：犍陀罗(古巴基斯坦)
来源：纽约大都会博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
这可能是来自犍陀罗地区最早的释迦牟尼佛造像.

这尊佛像你是不是觉得好像在哪里见过? 你看到的可能是美国的自由女神像。但是这尊佛像比美国纽约的自由女神像要早1700多年。古印度犍陀罗艺术受古希腊罗马雕像艺术的影响巨大，美国的自由女神像与犍陀罗雕塑艺术源于同根，造像相似也很正常。古印度的佛教思想与古希腊罗马的雕塑产生了碰撞，形成了现在我们看到的犍陀罗佛像雕塑，就如古罗马雕塑一般。

佛像深目高鼻，蓄胡须。身着通肩袈裟，发髻高耸，头光边缘呈锯齿状。右手上举施无畏印，左手握此袈裟衣角，手脚掌心皆刻有莲花纹，代表佛陀三十二相中的千辐轮。结跏趺坐的姿态有点特殊，头光和袈裟上仍残存有敷金的痕迹，可以想象当初的辉煌庄严。

犍陀罗雕刻普遍以片岩为材料，此像是犍陀罗造像中极为罕见的铜制佛像，是犍陀罗地区铜制佛像的重要代表作品，弥足珍贵。

Seated Buddha
1st to mid-2nd century
Pakistan (ancient region of Gandhara)

This small bronze Buddha is probably one of the earliest iconic representations of Shakyamuni from Gandhara. He sits in a yogic posture holding his right hand in abhaya mudra (a gesture of approachability); his unusual halo has serrations that indicate radiating light. His hairstyle, the form of his robes, and the treatment of the figure reflect stylistic contacts with the classical traditions of the West. This Buddha shows closer affinities to Roman sculpture than any other surviving Gandharan bronze.

来源:
Muneichi Nitta , Tokyo (until 2003; donated to MMA)

展览:
Los Angeles County Museum of Art. “Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian Art,” March 4, 1984–May 20, 1984.

New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Haremhab: The General Who Became King,” November 15, 2010–July 4, 2011.

Seoul. National Museum of Korea. “Masterpieces of Early Buddhist Sculpture,” September 24, 2015–November 15, 2015.

文献:
Pal, Pratapaditya. Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian art. Exh. cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1984, p. 193, cat. no. 76.

Czuma, Stanislaw, and Rekha Morris. Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India. Exh. cat. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1985, pp. 212–13, cat. no. 118.

Carter, Martha L. “A Gandharan Bronze Buddha Statuette: Its Place in the Evolution of the Buddha Image in Gandhara.” Mārg 39, no 4 (1987). pp. 22–23, fig. 1.

Jin tong fo zao xiang te zhan tu lu (The crucible of compassion and wisdom: special exhibition catalog of the Buddhist bronzes from the Nitta Group Collection at the National Palace Museum) 金銅佛造像特展圖錄 / [編輯者國立故宫博物院編輯委員會]. Exh. cat. Chu ban ed., Taipei: National Palace Museum, 1987, pp. 95, 403, pl. 1.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Recent Acquisitions, A Selection: 2003–2004.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 62, no. 2 (Fall 2004). pp. 50–51.

Behrendt, Kurt. The Art of Gandhara in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2007, pp. 48–50, cat. no. 39.

Guy, John. “The Essential Form: Collecting South and Southeast Asian Sculpture at the Met.” Orientations 46, no. 2 (March 2015) pp. 136–47, fig. 4.