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东方不动佛, 又称阿閦佛, 梵文Aksobhya, 意为不动。他是象征无畏恐惧，得大自在，不再退转，也永不变异的本尊。东方不动佛是五方佛之一。五方佛分别是中央的毗卢遮那佛（大日如来）、东方阿閦佛（不动如来）、西方阿弥陀佛、南方宝生佛、北方不空成就佛。

Akshobhya, Buddha (Tibetan: mi kyu pa, sang gye): a principal buddha within Vajrayana Buddhism residing in the eastern quarter of a mandala and a minor buddha within the sutra tradition of Mahayana Buddhism. Akshobhya, meaning unshakeable(不可动), is one of many Buddhas found in Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. He is easily recognized in paintings by having a buddha-like form, blue body colour and the left hand supporting an upright vajra scepter. There are no other Buddhist figures that have this same iconographic appearance. Tantric depictions of Buddhas are commonly shown with jewel ornaments and a crown.

In iconography and art there are two main types of Akshobhya Buddha appearance, the first is where he appears in the guise of a classic Buddha (nirmanakaya) wearing the monk’s attire and having the ushnisha(顶髻) on the crown of the head. The second type is where Akshobhya has the appearance of a peaceful deity and is adorned with a crown, jewelry and heavenly garments (sambhogakaya). It is unusual for Akshobhya to hold the vajra in the extended right hand. Typically the vajra is upright standing on the palm of the left hand in the lap. The monk’s begging bowl is also an unusual attribute for Akshobhya.

东方不动佛常见的形象为身体蓝色，头戴宝冠身披璎珞，一定是全跏趺坐，手印是左手定印（手心朝上置于脐间），右手触地印，或称触地降魔印，手心朝内，接触地面。左右手的手印和释迦牟尼佛完全相同，因此，独立于五方佛的不动如来的造像常和释迦牟尼佛混淆。如果造像上明确标示是哪位、或者镌有其心咒真言，或装藏其经文，则可以辨识。而如果只看外表的话，一般来说，倘若身体是蓝色（绘画），则是不动如来，而倘若是铜像，还得再看别的特征。不动如来通常头戴宝冠、身披璎珞，释迦牟尼通常裸露顶髻、身披袈裟（二者都有例外）。不动如来的左手有时持一竖立金刚杵（如右图），释迦牟尼有时托钵一只。一旦左手有法器即可确定身份，但如果是空手，就还得再看别的。如果触地的右手指尖按金刚杵一柄，可确定是不动如来。如果在法座中央摆一柄金刚杵，则可以是不动如来也可以是释迦牟尼佛，因莲花座上的金刚杵，意味着成佛之金刚座。如果佛像有动物驮负，不动如来的宝座由象驮负，而释迦牟尼佛的宝座是狮子驮的。大日如来的宝座也是狮子驮的，所以不能一看狮子就说是释迦牟尼佛，还得留意到大日如来的智拳印。

常见的东方不动佛造像按形象可分为:

1. 东方不动佛(菩萨相, Bodhisattva Appearance)
2. 东方不动佛(佛相, Buddha Appearance)

深度阅读: 辨识佛像-东方不动佛

参考文献:
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• 东方不动佛全部造像列表(001-100)

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唐宋 (早期-12世纪)

元代 (13-14世纪)

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清代 (18-20世纪)

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