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金刚萨埵(Vajrasattva)

金刚萨埵, 梵文Vajrasattva, 是密教著名的菩萨, 为消业灭罪之唯一主尊. 金刚萨埵是金刚持之一, 金刚总持底下分五大金刚持尊者(五方佛), 五大金刚持合起来的法王子, 就是金刚萨埵, 也就是第六金刚持(法身普贤). 所以, 最高的是金刚总持, 其次是五个金刚持尊者, 然后是第六金刚持金刚萨埵. 在藏传佛教中, 金刚萨埵的名号有通别之分. 通者是指一切手持金刚杵的尊神, 所以金刚萨埵与金刚手菩萨异体同名; 别者是指单一形象的金刚萨埵, 通常右手举金刚杵置于胸前, 左手持金刚铃按于胯上, 本站的金刚萨埵即为此形象. 此外, 金刚萨埵与普贤菩萨同体异名.

外文描述

Depictions of Vajrasattva in sculpture and painting are commonly confused with the similar deities Vairochana Buddha, Vajradhara(金刚总持), Vajrapani(金刚手菩萨), Vajravidarana(摧破金刚), the Five Symbolic Buddhas in Sambhogakaya form, White Chakrasamvara and others. In a number of Yoga Tantra examples the form of Vajrapani, in the Sarvadurgati Parishodhana Tantra system, appears exactly the same as the typical 'Solitary Hero' Vajrasattva. A sculpture of the primordial Buddha Vajradhara has the exact same physical iconographic appearance as Heruka Vajrasattva - also depicted with the two hands holding a vajra and bell crossed in embrace holding the consort. In paintings the Heruka Vajrasattva would be painted white while the Vajradhara form always appears blue in colour. In physical appearance Vajrasattva and Vajravidarana are only different because Vajrasattva holds a single vajra scepter while Vajravidarana holds a double vajra scepter. Vajravidarana can also appear in either a white, green or blue form.

造像特征

多为菩萨装束, 戴五佛冠, 梳高髻, 右手举五智金刚杵, 置于胸前, 表示能破除一切烦恼; 左手持金刚铃按于胯上, 表示以清净法音警醒一切有情; 金刚铃杵有时会置于肩上. 金刚萨埵通常为坐像, 结跏趺坐于莲花座上, 画像中身色为洁白或绿色; 金刚萨埵的立像和双身形象比较少见, 其双身形象通常出现于画像中.

常见的金刚萨埵造像按形象可分为: