佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：高41.5cm
年代：16-17世纪
质地：红铜鎏金 局部泥金彩绘
风格：西藏
来源：布达拉宫
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
金刚亥母是藏传密教中的空行母，藏语称“多吉帕姆”，意为金刚猪神，因猪在汉地十二生肖中属“亥”，故名金刚亥母，属胜乐金刚大尊的明妃，位居噶举派女性本尊之首。此金刚亥母像头戴五骷髅冠，长发披肩，三目圆睁，作忿怒威慑状。右手高举金刚钺，寓意清除愚昧，勾如智慧；左手托嘎巴拉碗，象征极乐体验与事业成功。右足恋曲悬空，左足踩尸体起舞，象征降服妖魔。周身多饰宝石。

Vajravarahi (Tibetan: dor je pag mo): Vajravarahi is one of the most popular and commonly depicted meditational deities of Tantric Buddhism. She is also found in the same Sanskrit literature (Abhidhana Uttaratantra) that describes the deity Chakrasamvara. Vajravarahi is a form of the deity Vajrayogini. The only difference in appearance is that Vajravarahi has a boar's head attached to her own, either placed on the top of the head or on the right side of the head. Following a Densatil style this sculpture was most likely created in the Sho Village workshops below the Potala Palace in the 17th or 18th century.

Vajravarahi is typically red in colour although there are other forms and traditions where she can appear in any colour. She has one main face and two hands. The boar's head can be on top of Vajravarahi's head or on the left side depending on the tradition. The right hand holds aloft a curved knife and the left a skullcup to the heart. In the bend of the left elbow a katvanga staff is held against the left shoulder. Adorned with bone ornaments and a necklace of heads she stands in a dancing posture on a corpse seat.

This Vajravarahi sculpture is surely one of the finest ever created. The face is beautiful although likely re-painted in the recent past. The body proportions and movement are excellent. The ornamentation is precise and detailed, also textually accurate. The elaborate scarf (not part of the textual description) is beautifully excessive with studded semi-precious stones - likely original to the piece - framing the central figure and bringing the entire sculpture to a fullness that is greater than the sum of the parts. Sculptural perfection - art and iconography!

Jeff Watt 10-2010

Published:
von Schroeder, Ulrich. 2001. Buddhist Sculptures in Tibet. Vol. Two: Tibetan & Chinese, pp. 1052–1053, pl. 266D.
von Schroeder, Ulrich. 2008. 108 Buddhist Statues in Tibet, pp. 136–137, pl. 42A.

参考文献：
乌尔里希•冯•施罗德，2001年。《西藏佛教雕塑》卷2：西藏与汉地，页1052－1053，图266Ｄ。
乌尔里希•冯•施罗德，2008年《西藏寺庙珍藏佛教造像108尊》页136－137，图42A。