佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：佛像高37cm, 通高60.5cm
年代：明代永乐 底座为18世纪
质地：铜鎏金
风格：永乐宫廷
来源：伦敦大英博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
第3张图是我2020年2月去大英博物馆参观时拍的. –Artemis注

公元8世纪，西藏王邀请佛教僧侣修建寺院，并在这片与世隔绝的土地上传播佛教。最终，佛教掌握了很强的势力，吸收当地信徒。中原佛教和藏传佛教的联系由来已久，公元9世纪，中原和西藏佛教僧侣谈判达成和平条约。从那以后，很多中国皇帝，尤其是明朝和清朝时期(1368-1911年)的皇帝，都受到佛教僧侣神赐能力的鼓舞，成为了藏传佛教忠实的支持者。这尊历史著名的释迦牟尼佛像，复杂的设计和金属铸造工艺，彰显中原佛教和藏传佛教的融合。它是现存的15世纪早期最大、最华丽的中藏佛教风格的青铜器之一。这尊青铜像分三部分铸造：佛像和双层莲花座、矩形阶梯式基座以及图案为火焰和缠枝花纹的椭圆光轮背景。佛像的姿势表明着释迦牟尼抵挡住诱惑，获得了安宁和真理。

Production date
1403-1424 (figure)
18th century (base and mandorla)

Description

Figure of the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni, shown in a meditative posture, seated on a double lotus-petal pedestal, framed by an arched mandorla of foliage, pearls, scrolling lotus, thunderbolts (vajra) and swirling flames; with richly ornamented plinth, incised inscription in front on ledge above pedestal. Made of gilded bronze.

Curator's comments

See von Schroeder 1981 (p.516) for three further bibliographic references.

Blurton 1997:

This is one of the largest and most ornate Sino-Tibetan bronzes surviving from the early fifteenth century and the basic Indian formula of a seated figure, enthroned on a lotus base, and set off by a resplendent backplate, is still very evident.

The Yongle emperor came to power by usurping the throne, but promoted a stable bureaucracy and strong civilian government. He invited the Tibetan religious leader, Halima, to court to perform religious services for his deceased parents in 1407, exchanging gifts with the Tibetan delegation, and conferring titles in exchange. Further Tibetan diplomatic missions were hosted by the Yongle emperor. Porcelains based on Tibetan vessels as well as Tibetan-style Buddhist images were required for these services.

Zwalf 1985

This richly worked bronze is cast in three pieces: the Buddha, his hand in ‘bhūmisparśa mudrā’, and double lotus throne; the rectangular stepped base, densely ornamented with lotus, leaf and classic scrolls; and the arched mandorla pierced with fire and flower scrolls. It is one of the largest and most lavish Yong'le-period Sino-Tibetan bronzes, and can be closely related to images of the Buddha in 14th- and early 15th-century illustrated ‘sūtras’, such as a Sino-Tibetan illustrated woodblock edition of the ‘Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra’ (dated to 1419), and the ‘Qi sha Tripiṭaka’.