佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：高20.2cm
年代：18世纪
质地：铜鎏金
风格：蒙古 扎纳巴扎尔
来源：拍卖会
成交：495,600港元(2016.10); 62,500美元(2015.12)
参阅：保利香港 旧金山邦瀚斯
鉴赏：
喀尔喀蒙古在清初是由喀尔喀部（八十六旗）组成的，也称漠北蒙古，行政中心在库仑（今蒙古国乌兰巴托市）。出自喀尔喀蒙古大活佛札纳巴札尔达喇嘛（1635-1723）之手的金铜佛像确立了喀尔喀蒙古佛像的标准样式，主要流行於十七世纪晚期至十八世纪早期。用铜比较讲究，铜质精良，密度很高，胎体厚重敦实，金水淳厚，手头较重，形塑方面追求表现肌肉的力度，造型工稳对称，端正中不失精巧和柔媚感。

金刚持是本初佛，尤受噶举派所尊，是无形的法身的人格化，代表证悟圆满觉性究竟的本质。金刚持双手分持金刚杵与金刚铃，交叠於胸前，身微微左侧，头戴五叶宝冠，束髮高髻，宝缯从两耳后垂落至肩，长耳饰圆璫，髮束分披两侧，帛带贴双肩沿肘落至双膝，垂落至莲台宝座之上。身佩高浮雕璎珞，肘、踝戴宝钏，下身著束腰长裙，下承仰覆莲瓣，莲座上缘饰联珠纹。莲瓣上下对称，挺拔有力，这是喀尔喀蒙古造像的典型特征。

这尊铜像是扎那巴扎尔风格的优秀实例，鎏金饱满，造型端正，身形健硕有力，加之细腻的曲线和精致的细节，达致优美的整体造型，自然而满具生命力。相似实例可参考纽约佳士得，2008年3月21日，编号632和巴黎Piasa，2013年6月14日，编号250，以及Dinwiddie编《来自蒙古的宝藏：扎那巴紥尔派佛教造像》，Rossi & Rossi， 伦敦，2004年，图18＆19。

A gilt copper alloy figure of Vajradhara
Zanabazar school, Mongolia, 18th Century
Seated in dhyanasana on a double-lotus base, his hands crossed in front of his chest holding vajra and ghanta, wearing a dhoti, sash and beaded jewelry, his face with raised urna and his hair pulled into a high chignon secured by a foliate crown.\ 8in (20.2cm) high

From the 11th century onward, the New (Sarma) Schools identify Vajradhara as the primordial Buddha (Adi Buddha): the inner form of Shakyamuni, and progenitor of the Vajrayana Buddhist system. He occupies the first rank in the Buddhist pantheon, and typically features as the first teacher of a tantric lineage. From him emanate the five Dhyani Buddhas, the purification deity Vajrasattva, and meditation deities including Chakrasamvara.

He represents the highest state of enlightenment, its abstract perfection, the sum of all Buddhist teachings. Sculptures of Vajradhara therefore serve as secondary representations, reminding practitioners of the deity's otherwise formless essence, which is beyond human comprehension.

Compare the treatment of the mirrored-lotus petals on a Amitabha sold by Christie's, New York, 21 March 2008, lot 632 and another at Piasa, Paris, 14 June 2013, lot 250. Also see Dinwiddie (ed.), Treasures from Mongolia: Buddhist Sculpture from the School of Zanabazar, Rossi and Rossi, London, 2004, cat. nos. 18 & 19.

蒙古十八世紀 扎納巴扎爾風格 銅鎏金金剛總持坐像
古比特佛像网, 编号: 金刚总持:金刚总持124