佛像网

尺寸：H. 47.7 cm x W. 32.9 cm x D. 33.1 cm
年代：17世纪 明代万历 1615年
质地：漳州瓷 Porcelain with molded and sculpted decoration under glaze (Zhangzhou ware)
风格：中原
来源：旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
参考年代稍早的一件：16世纪明代万历(1573年)珐华彩瓷塑自在观音坐像(伦敦大英博物馆)

Seated figure of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin)
Zhangzhou, Fujian province, China; Zhangzhou, Fujian province
Date 1615
Inscribed: incised inscription on base
Markings: Wanli mark

Various types of ceramic wares were employed not only for household vessels but also for decorative sculptural forms. Of particular note are certain ceramic wares used specifically for sculpture: Dehua, Zhangzhou, Shiwan, and Yixing wares, all named for and characteristic of the places in which they were made.

Dehua wares, known in the West since the 1700s as blanc de Chine (“China white”), were produced in Dehua, in southeastern China’s Fujian province. Technical improvements achieved in the 1500s for obtaining and purifying the milk-white glaze and ivory-white clay made possible the sculpting of large figures in porcelain. Zhangzhou wares—those attributed to the Zhangzhou kiln, also in Fujian province—are distinctive for their crackled ivory-colored glaze.

The Shiwan kilns at Foshan, Guangdong province in southern China produced wares with thick bodies and colorful glazes, especially known in the West as flambé (suffused) glazes. Sculptural figures and architectural ceramics are particularly significant in Shiwan ware.

Clay found at Yixing, Jiangsu province in southeastern China was used to create ceramics in a characteristic range of dark colors—from brown, purple, and green to buff and beige. Yixing ceramics are known to enhance the color, fragrance, and taste of tea; therefore, the majority of Yixing ware is in the form of tea sets

各类陶瓷制品不仅被用作生活器皿，也被应用于装饰性雕塑。尤为值得注意的是某些专门用于雕塑的陶瓷品类：德化窑、漳州窑、石湾窑和宜兴窑，它们皆以产地命名，并具有鲜明的地方特色。

德化窑瓷器自18世纪起在西方以“blanc de Chine”（“中国白”）之名著称，产于中国东南部福建省的德化县。16世纪时，当地在乳白釉和象牙白瓷土的淘洗与提纯工艺上取得技术突破，从而能够烧造大型瓷塑人物像。漳州窑瓷器——即被认为产自同样位于福建省的漳州窑器物——则以其独特的象牙黄釉开片为特征。

位于中国南部广东省佛山市的石湾窑，产品胎体厚重，釉色丰富，尤以在西方闻名的窑变釉著称。人物塑像与建筑陶瓷在石湾窑产品中占有特别重要的地位。

中国东南部江苏省宜兴市出产的陶土，被用于制作具有一系列特色深色调的陶器——色泽涵盖棕色、紫色、绿色以至浅黄色、米色。宜兴陶器被认为能提升茶的色、香、味，因此其产品多为茶具。